【学科知识】小学英语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句解析
发布时间:2019.02.21  浏览次数:4497

一般疑问句

在英语的学习中,一般疑问句的转换及回答是经常碰到的问题,现在我们就来探讨一下有关一般疑问句的问题。

一、什么是一般疑问句

用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句还有下列特点:

1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头;例:Is your father a teacher? Does Catherine like animals? Can Jenny speak French? 2、往往读升调;3、译成汉语,都可以带上“吗”,例如上面三句可分别译为:你父亲是老师吗?凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗?詹妮会说法语吗?

二、如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句?

要将陈述句变成一般疑问句,可以遵循下列步骤:

1.看句中有没有be动词(am、is、 are、 was、 were)、助动词(do、does、did、 have、 had)或情态动词(can、must、will、may等),如果有,将其提到句首,句末打上问号即可。

例:It was rainy yesterday.            →Was it rainy yesterday?

Tom's  father can play the piano.  →Can Tom's father play the piano?

I have finished my homework.       →Have you finished your homework?

2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词,则根据谓语动词的形式借助do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是:如果谓语动词是原形,则借do;如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,则借does;如果谓语动词是过去式,则借did. 需要注意的是,借does或did后,原句的谓语动词要变回原形。

例:They go to school by bike.        →Do they go to school by bike?

Bill gets up at 6:30 every day.    →Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day?

The students saw a film yesterday.  →Did the students see a film yesterday?

三.陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项

陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外,还应注意下列几点:

1.如果陈述句中有第一人称,则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。

例:I usually have lunch at school. →Do you usually have lunch at school?

My father is playing soccer.      →Is your father playing soccer?

2.如果陈述句中有some, 则变问句时往往要变成any 。

例:There is some water on the playground. →Is there any water on the playground?

3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句,从句不变。

例:I know he comes from Canada.   →Do you know he comes from Canada?

4.如果句中含有实义动词have且表示“有”时,除借do外,也可将其直接提到句首。

例:I have some friends in America.→Have you any friends in America

Do you have any friends in America?

四.一般疑问句的回答

一般疑问句往往采用简短回答,共由三部分(三个单词)组成,对这三部分(三个单词)的确定可以概括例下:

1.第一个词:不是Yes就是No。(有时根据语气的不同,Yes可由Sure, Certainly, Of course等代替.NO可由sorry 代替.)

2.第二个词:问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致(但必须用主格代词)。

例:Does she clean her room every day?  Yes, she does.

Is Anna′s father a doctor?      No,he isn′t.

如果主语是 this that,回答时用 it 代替,如果问句中主语these, those,回答时用 they′ 代替。

3.第三个词:用什么问,用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。

Can Jim play soccer? Yes, he can./Does Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he does.

 需要注意问题:(1).用 may 引导的问句,肯定回答用may,否定回答用 can′t 或mustn′t,(2)用 must 引导的问句,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用needn′t.

例:May I go to the park now? Yes, you may. /No, you mustn′t.

Must I wash my clothes now? Yes, you must. /No, you needn′t.

4.用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上 not。因为回答必须是三部分,所以否定回答必须缩写,而肯定回答不能缩写。

例:Did Thomas come here yesterday? Yes, he did./ No ,he didn′t.

Is Lin Lin in Class 3? Yes, she is. / No, she isn′t.或(No, she′s not).


特殊疑问句

以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。

特殊疑问句有两种语序:

如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:

who is singing in the room﹖

whose bike is broken﹖

2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序? 如:

what class are you in﹖

What does she look like﹖

Where are you from﹖

What time does he get up every morning﹖

How do you know﹖

特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?eg:Where do you do study English?
特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他?         eg:Why is your Mum so angry?
特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?eg:What can I do for you?

注意:

1回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答.如:

Who is from Canada﹖     Helen (is).

Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.

Why do you like koalas﹖  Because they are cute.

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